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Subject: Lankan monk's death, a grievous blow to Sinhala-Buddhist revival
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      Lankan monk's death, a grievous blow to Sinhala-Buddhist revival=20
      COLOMBO DIARY | PK Balachanddran
      Colombo, December 22=20
    =20
      The sudden death of the popular Buddhist preacher, the Venerable =
Gangodawila Soma Thera, in St Petersburg in Russia, has plunged Sri =
Lanka into unprecedented grief. On hearing the news, Sinhala-Buddhist =
women wailed inconsolably. Crestfallen men put up little ochre flags =
atop their houses and vehicles as a sign of mourning. Streamers and =
banners, also in ochre, the colour used by monks, spanned streets in =
town after town. Men and women, the old and the young, all dressed in =
white, flocked to the Buddhist viharas to pray. And in Colombo, =
thousands braved the hot sun to have a glimpse of his body.

      "He was killed. He did not die a natural death", had been a =
constant refrain among folk in the towns and villages of the island, =
till a panel of top doctors, which conducted the post mortem, had =
declared that the death was natural. And yet, to the people, Soma =
Thero's death at 54, would always remain mysterious. It is believed that =
this doughty fighter, upholding controversial causes, might have stepped =
on the toes of powerful domestic and international interests. Writing in =
Sunday Island, columnist Nan said that Soma Thera would have influenced =
at least 10 million of the 19 million Sri Lankans.

      As Soma Hamuduruwo (an honorific for monks) campaigned against =
"unethical conversion" to Christianity, a major problem in Sri Lanka, =
the Catholic Bishops' Conference promptly came out with a statement =
denying that it indulged in such conversions. It said that the culprits =
were the new-fangled, foreign-funded, "Fundamentalist Sects", and that, =
actually, the Catholic Church was the main victim of their evangelism.

      Considering the depth of feeling for the monk, the Sri Lankan =
government has decided to give him a state funeral in the prestigious =
Independence Square, the venue of all important state functions, in =
Colombo on December 24.

      Sinhala-Buddhist icon

      What did Soma Thera have in him to elicit such an extraordinary =
response? Put simply, he had taken up the cause of reviving Buddhism and =
Sinhala culture, and restoring a sense of nationalism and pride among =
the Sinhala-Buddhists, who perceived themselves as the weakest of three =
major communities inhabiting the island, though they constituted 70% of =
the population.

      Sinhala-Buddhist nationalism was getting eroded by a perceived =
inability to face up to the challenge posed by minority Tamil militancy =
and a tendency to give in easily to influences from the West. Theravada =
Buddhism, the core of the Sinhala identity, was being subjected to an =
unmitigated and multi-dimensional onslaught from alien forces.

      The people were aware of these, but they did not, and could not, =
articulate them, because power was firmly in the hands of a Westernised, =
comprador bourgeoisie. It was through Soma Thera that the suppressed =
feelings of the people found utterance. He personified Sinhala-Buddhism, =
becoming a "totemic figure", an "icon", to use the words of the veteran =
commentator, Ajith Samaranayake of Sunday Observer.

      Soma Thera wove his mission around the axiom that the survival of =
Sinhala-Buddhism was necessary for the survival of Sri Lanka. Because =
Sinhala-Buddhism is peculiar to Sri Lanka, and gives the country its =
uniqueness, its disappearance or even dilution beyond a certain point, =
will be the undoing of Sri Lanka itself, it is believed.

      Hindu threat

      Soma Thera fought several enemies at the same time. But this =
writer found his campaign against the popular practice of worshiping =
Hindu and local Sinhala Gods and occult forces, to be most unusual. =
Hindu practices had gained so much acceptance, that most Buddhist =
temples had shrines for Hindu and local Gods. The popular Hindu Gods =
were Vishnu, Siva, Murugan (Subramanya) and Ganesh.

      Buddhism tells its followers to be self reliant, and not to depend =
on Gods and other supernatural forces. Also, the Buddha does not grant =
boons. These had resulted in Buddhists habitually deviating from their =
religion and turning to the Hindu Gods and spirits to help them get over =
life's crises.

      Traditional Sinhala-Buddhism (like Buddhism itself ) had not been =
dogmatic on this and had accepted the deviation as a necessary evil. =
However, the Hindu Gods were accorded a subordinate position, a =
secondary status. As the late Gamini Iriyagolle, a well known =
Sinhala-Buddhist ideologue said, the Hindu Gods were only meant to =
protect the Buddha and Buddhism. They could not supplant or be =
considered to be greater than the Buddha, he clarified.

      Domestic aide, Shiromi Perera, is an ardent listener of Soma =
Thera's TV lectures. She pointed out that, in many Buddhist temples, the =
Hindu shrine was in the forefront and the Buddhist one was at the back. =
" The minds of many of the worshippers are on the Hindu deities even =
when they are bowing before the Buddha!" she observed.

      Soma Thera was very troubled by the Satya Sai Baba cult, which had =
swept Sri Lanka. The elite of Sinhala-Buddhist society had become ardent =
devotees of the Baba and were going to his ashram at Whitefield near =
Bangalore at the drop of a hat. The traffic had become so heavy that the =
airlines found it profitable to operate services between Colombo and =
Bangalore! Like the rationalists in India, Soma Thera was appalled by =
Sai Baba's producing wrist watches and gold chains from the air and =
giving them to his favourite devotees. He thought it was sacrilegious =
for Buddhists to get swayed by such mumbo jumbo.

      Soma Thera insisted that men and women come to temples in a simple =
white dress, and not in ostentatious and revealing clothes.

      "While other regions have defined themselves rigidly, and do not =
allow admixture, alien elements have been allowed to get into =
Sinhala-Buddhism. There are Hindu Gods in Buddhist temples here, but no =
Hindu temple in Sri Lanka has the Buddha in it," pointed out Shiromi. =
The Hindus say that the Buddha was an avatar (reincarnation) of Vishnu, =
but they do not worship him.

      Due to the intense efforts of Soma Thera, in which his television =
appearances played a very major role, some Buddhist temples did away =
with the Hindu shrines in their midst. But most did not.

      Hindu shrines a source of income

      For many Buddhist temples, the Hindu shrines were an important =
source of income. The temples did get grants from the influential, and =
some held lands, but most were poor. And the Buddha would not accept any =
offering other than the lotus flower. Money could not be offered to him. =
But the Hindu Gods accepted money and the Buddhist devotees were only =
too pleased to give generously, if they could get a wish fulfilled. It =
is widely acknowledged that income was a very important factor in =
ensuring the continuance of Hindu shrines in most Buddhist temples.

      Soma Thera's followers admired him for his courage in propagating =
a pure, superstition-free Buddhism, but his injunction against the =
worship of Hindu Gods was routinely and unabashedly flouted by an =
overwhelming majority. His dicta were considered highly desirable from a =
purist's point of view, but quite impractical from the point of view of =
the folk. According to Samaranayake, Soma Thera did not pursue this =
campaign for very long. Perhaps he saw the futility of it.

      Argued senior journalist and a devout Buddhist, Mallika =
Wanigasundara: " The Buddha never said that one should not worship the =
Hindu Gods. He was not dogmatic. When one needed the help of Gods to =
tide over a difficulty, one was permitted to seek their help. It is like =
leaning on a wall if one is tired."

      Wanigasundara pointed out that when the Buddha wanted Sri Lanka to =
be protected, he had asked Brahma to do it. But Brahma delegated the =
task to Vishnu, which was how the Hindu God, Vishnu, came to be accepted =
as the protector of Sri Lanka, she said.

      "My visiting Hindu kovils in no way diminishes my adherence to the =
teachings of the Buddha," she asserts. "The worship of Hindu Gods are =
part our culture and tradition because we brought it with us when we =
came from India in ancient times," she said.

      The Sinhalese believe that they are Aryan migrants from what is =
now Bengal.

      Christian proselytism

      Towards the end of his life, Soma Thera was very concerned about =
conversion to Chistianity and the encroachments on Sinhala-Buddhist =
property by Muslims. "He was not against any religion. He was only =
against poaching of this sort," as a devotee said.

      Conversion to Christianity became a major issue in Sri Lanka when =
the Fundamentalist Christian sects, with heavy funding from America and =
other countries of the West and also South Korea, entered the scene to =
exploit the poverty, lack of economic development, and the displacement =
and deprivation brought about by the unending Tamil-Sinhala war. Many of =
these new churches registered themselves as companies under the =
Companies Act and were borrowing from banks, supposedly for secular =
welfare projects. They promised instant cures and solutions to problems, =
and enticements were offered to the poor.

      The "unethical conversion" menace became so acute that many =
Sinhala-Buddhist and Hindu leaders began to seek a legal ban on =
conversions, as in some Indian states.

      To wean away the Buddhist poor from the wily evangelists coming =
with inducements, Soma Thera would hammer home the point that it was =
quite possible to solve the problems of one's life by living according =
to the precepts of the Buddha. He would explain that unlike the =
Christian churches and priests, the Buddhist temples and their monks =
were not meant to distribute goodies and largesse to the congregation. =
"They are there only to preach the Buddhist way of live," he would say.

      In lecture after lecture, TV programme after TV programme, Soma =
Thera spoke about the relevance of Buddhism and Buddhist principles for =
the present day world. He took up day to day problems and pointed out =
how these could be solved by following the pristine Buddhist precepts. =
"He used to appear in a TV series with a well known psychologist and =
showed us how Buddhism could help us solve our psychological problems," =
said Kantha, a company driver.

      Saving Sinhalese from extinction

      Soma Thera fought relentlessly for the survival of the Sinhala =
people and their culture, which were being threatened by Westernisation =
and a striking lack of nationalism. "The Sinhalese absorb other cultures =
like a blotting paper," observed Wanigasundara. No wonder then, Sri =
Lankans are the most westernised of the South Asian peoples, which is =
reflected in their dress and names.

      Soma Thera would warn that the Sinhalese might one day be =
outnumbered by the Muslims who, he believed, did not adopt birth control =
and family planning unlike them. He exhorted the Sinhalese to have more =
children to keep Sri Lanka, Sinhala-Buddhist.

      Populism

      One reason for Soma Thera's immense popularity was that in his =
bana (sermon) he spoke on contemporary secular, social, economic and =
political problems. He did not hesitate to express, in the strongest =
terms, the frustrations of the common man vis-=E0-vis the governments of =
the day. "And his bana was always couched in simple Sinhala while most =
monks used highfalutin stuff interspersed with quotations in Pali. I =
found the latter very boring," said Shiromi.

      Soma Thera's was the second Sinhala-Buddhist revivalist movement =
in recent Sri Lankan history. The first was led by Anagarika Dharmapala =
in the early part of the 20th century.

      Both tackled the same problem, namely, Western/ Christian/ Hindu =
influences smothering a society lacking in a strong sense of nationalism =
and the will to face challenges. Both movements were inconclusive.

      Soma Thera's movement had barely taken off when death snatched him =
away. The people of Sri Lanka know that today there is no one to carry =
the torch which he lit and bore. That explains the widespread grieving.

      (PK Balachanddran is the Sri Lankan correspondent of Hindustan =
Times)
    =20

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    <TD class=3Dmnstbl colSpan=3D2><STRONG>Lankan monk's death, a =
grievous blow to=20
      Sinhala-Buddhist revival</STRONG></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=3D2 height=3D20><SPAN class=3Dgrtxt><SPAN =
class=3Dgrtbo>COLOMBO DIARY=20
      | PK Balachanddran</SPAN><BR>Colombo,&nbsp;December =
22</SPAN></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD colSpan=3D2 height=3D15><IMG height=3D15=20
      src=3D"http://www.hindustantimes.com/on/img/0.gif" =
width=3D10></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD class=3Dbtbig vAlign=3Dtop>
      <P><IMG height=3D206 alt=3D"" hspace=3D4=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.hindustantimes.com/wfsf/medium/2003/08.14/images/medium=
339045.jpg"=20
      width=3D160 align=3Dright vspace=3D4 border=3D0>The sudden death =
of the popular=20
      Buddhist preacher, the Venerable Gangodawila Soma Thera, in St =
Petersburg=20
      in Russia, has plunged Sri Lanka into unprecedented grief. On =
hearing the=20
      news, Sinhala-Buddhist women wailed inconsolably. Crestfallen men =
put up=20
      little ochre flags atop their houses and vehicles as a sign of =
mourning.=20
      Streamers and banners, also in ochre, the colour used by monks, =
spanned=20
      streets in town after town. Men and women, the old and the young, =
all=20
      dressed in white, flocked to the Buddhist viharas to pray. And in =
Colombo,=20
      thousands braved the hot sun to have a glimpse of his body.</P>
      <P>"He was killed. He did not die a natural death", had been a =
constant=20
      refrain among folk in the towns and villages of the island, till a =
panel=20
      of top doctors, which conducted the post mortem, had declared that =
the=20
      death was natural. And yet, to the people, Soma Thero's death at =
54, would=20
      always remain mysterious. It is believed that this doughty =
fighter,=20
      upholding controversial causes, might have stepped on the toes of =
powerful=20
      domestic and international interests. Writing in <EM>Sunday =
Island</EM>,=20
      columnist Nan said that Soma Thera would have influenced at least =
10=20
      million of the 19 million Sri Lankans.</P>
      <P>As Soma Hamuduruwo (an honorific for monks) campaigned against=20
      "unethical conversion" to Christianity, a major problem in Sri =
Lanka, the=20
      Catholic Bishops' Conference promptly came out with a statement =
denying=20
      that it indulged in such conversions. It said that the culprits =
were the=20
      new-fangled, foreign-funded, "Fundamentalist Sects", and that, =
actually,=20
      the Catholic Church was the main victim of their evangelism.</P>
      <P>Considering the depth of feeling for the monk, the Sri Lankan=20
      government has decided to give him a state funeral in the =
prestigious=20
      Independence Square, the venue of all important state functions, =
in=20
      Colombo on December 24.</P>
      <P><STRONG>Sinhala-Buddhist icon</STRONG></P>
      <P>What did Soma Thera have in him to elicit such an extraordinary =

      response? Put simply, he had taken up the cause of reviving =
Buddhism and=20
      Sinhala culture, and restoring a sense of nationalism and pride =
among the=20
      Sinhala-Buddhists, who perceived themselves as the weakest of =
three major=20
      communities inhabiting the island, though they constituted 70% of =
the=20
      population.</P>
      <P>Sinhala-Buddhist nationalism was getting eroded by a perceived=20
      inability to face up to the challenge posed by minority Tamil =
militancy=20
      and a tendency to give in easily to influences from the West. =
Theravada=20
      Buddhism, the core of the Sinhala identity, was being subjected to =
an=20
      unmitigated and multi-dimensional onslaught from alien forces.</P>
      <P>The people were aware of these, but they did not, and could =
not,=20
      articulate them, because power was firmly in the hands of a =
Westernised,=20
      comprador bourgeoisie. It was through Soma Thera that the =
suppressed=20
      feelings of the people found utterance. He personified =
Sinhala-Buddhism,=20
      becoming a "totemic figure", an "icon", to use the words of the =
veteran=20
      commentator, Ajith Samaranayake of Sunday Observer.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera wove his mission around the axiom that the survival =
of=20
      Sinhala-Buddhism was necessary for the survival of Sri Lanka. =
Because=20
      Sinhala-Buddhism is peculiar to Sri Lanka, and gives the country =
its=20
      uniqueness, its disappearance or even dilution beyond a certain =
point,=20
      will be the undoing of Sri Lanka itself, it is believed.</P>
      <P><STRONG>Hindu threat</STRONG></P>
      <P>Soma Thera fought several enemies at the same time. But this =
writer=20
      found his campaign against the popular practice of worshiping =
Hindu and=20
      local Sinhala Gods and occult forces, to be most unusual. Hindu =
practices=20
      had gained so much acceptance, that most Buddhist temples had =
shrines for=20
      Hindu and local Gods. The popular Hindu Gods were Vishnu, Siva, =
Murugan=20
      (Subramanya) and Ganesh.</P>
      <P>Buddhism tells its followers to be self reliant, and not to =
depend on=20
      Gods and other supernatural forces. Also, the Buddha does not =
grant boons.=20
      These had resulted in Buddhists habitually deviating from their =
religion=20
      and turning to the Hindu Gods and spirits to help them get over =
life's=20
      crises.</P>
      <P>Traditional Sinhala-Buddhism (like Buddhism itself ) had not =
been=20
      dogmatic on this and had accepted the deviation as a necessary =
evil.=20
      However, the Hindu Gods were accorded a subordinate position, a =
secondary=20
      status. As the late Gamini Iriyagolle, a well known =
Sinhala-Buddhist=20
      ideologue said, the Hindu Gods were only meant to protect the =
Buddha and=20
      Buddhism. They could not supplant or be considered to be greater =
than the=20
      Buddha, he clarified.</P>
      <P>Domestic aide, Shiromi Perera, is an ardent listener of Soma =
Thera's TV=20
      lectures. She pointed out that, in many Buddhist temples, the =
Hindu shrine=20
      was in the forefront and the Buddhist one was at the back. " The =
minds of=20
      many of the worshippers are on the Hindu deities even when they =
are bowing=20
      before the Buddha!" she observed.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera was very troubled by the Satya Sai Baba cult, which =
had=20
      swept Sri Lanka. The elite of Sinhala-Buddhist society had become =
ardent=20
      devotees of the Baba and were going to his ashram at Whitefield =
near=20
      Bangalore at the drop of a hat. The traffic had become so heavy =
that the=20
      airlines found it profitable to operate services between Colombo =
and=20
      Bangalore! Like the rationalists in India, Soma Thera was appalled =
by Sai=20
      Baba's producing wrist watches and gold chains from the air and =
giving=20
      them to his favourite devotees. He thought it was sacrilegious for =

      Buddhists to get swayed by such mumbo jumbo.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera insisted that men and women come to temples in a =
simple=20
      white dress, and not in ostentatious and revealing clothes.</P>
      <P>"While other regions have defined themselves rigidly, and do =
not allow=20
      admixture, alien elements have been allowed to get into =
Sinhala-Buddhism.=20
      There are Hindu Gods in Buddhist temples here, but no Hindu temple =
in Sri=20
      Lanka has the Buddha in it," pointed out Shiromi. The Hindus say =
that the=20
      Buddha was an avatar (reincarnation) of Vishnu, but they do not =
worship=20
      him.</P>
      <P>Due to the intense efforts of Soma Thera, in which his =
television=20
      appearances played a very major role, some Buddhist temples did =
away with=20
      the Hindu shrines in their midst. But most did not.</P>
      <P><STRONG>Hindu shrines a source of income</STRONG></P>
      <P>For many Buddhist temples, the Hindu shrines were an important =
source=20
      of income. The temples did get grants from the influential, and =
some held=20
      lands, but most were poor. And the Buddha would not accept any =
offering=20
      other than the lotus flower. Money could not be offered to him. =
But the=20
      Hindu Gods accepted money and the Buddhist devotees were only too =
pleased=20
      to give generously, if they could get a wish fulfilled. It is =
widely=20
      acknowledged that income was a very important factor in ensuring =
the=20
      continuance of Hindu shrines in most Buddhist temples.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera's followers admired him for his courage in =
propagating a=20
      pure, superstition-free Buddhism, but his injunction against the =
worship=20
      of Hindu Gods was routinely and unabashedly flouted by an =
overwhelming=20
      majority. His dicta were considered highly desirable from a =
purist's point=20
      of view, but quite impractical from the point of view of the folk. =

      According to Samaranayake, Soma Thera did not pursue this campaign =
for=20
      very long. Perhaps he saw the futility of it.</P>
      <P>Argued senior journalist and a devout Buddhist, Mallika =
Wanigasundara:=20
      " The Buddha never said that one should not worship the Hindu =
Gods. He was=20
      not dogmatic. When one needed the help of Gods to tide over a =
difficulty,=20
      one was permitted to seek their help. It is like leaning on a wall =
if one=20
      is tired."</P>
      <P>Wanigasundara pointed out that when the Buddha wanted Sri Lanka =
to be=20
      protected, he had asked Brahma to do it. But Brahma delegated the =
task to=20
      Vishnu, which was how the Hindu God, Vishnu, came to be accepted =
as the=20
      protector of Sri Lanka, she said.</P>
      <P>"My visiting Hindu kovils in no way diminishes my adherence to =
the=20
      teachings of the Buddha," she asserts. "The worship of Hindu Gods =
are part=20
      our culture and tradition because we brought it with us when we =
came from=20
      India in ancient times," she said.</P>
      <P>The Sinhalese believe that they are Aryan migrants from what is =
now=20
      Bengal.</P>
      <P><STRONG>Christian proselytism</STRONG></P>
      <P>Towards the end of his life, Soma Thera was very concerned =
about=20
      conversion to Chistianity and the encroachments on =
Sinhala-Buddhist=20
      property by Muslims. "He was not against any religion. He was only =
against=20
      poaching of this sort," as a devotee said.</P>
      <P>Conversion to Christianity became a major issue in Sri Lanka =
when the=20
      Fundamentalist Christian sects, with heavy funding from America =
and other=20
      countries of the West and also South Korea, entered the scene to =
exploit=20
      the poverty, lack of economic development, and the displacement =
and=20
      deprivation brought about by the unending Tamil-Sinhala war. Many =
of these=20
      new churches registered themselves as companies under the =
Companies Act=20
      and were borrowing from banks, supposedly for secular welfare =
projects.=20
      They promised instant cures and solutions to problems, and =
enticements=20
      were offered to the poor.</P>
      <P>The "unethical conversion" menace became so acute that many=20
      Sinhala-Buddhist and Hindu leaders began to seek a legal ban on=20
      conversions, as in some Indian states.</P>
      <P>To wean away the Buddhist poor from the wily evangelists coming =
with=20
      inducements, Soma Thera would hammer home the point that it was =
quite=20
      possible to solve the problems of one's life by living according =
to the=20
      precepts of the Buddha. He would explain that unlike the Christian =

      churches and priests, the Buddhist temples and their monks were =
not meant=20
      to distribute goodies and largesse to the congregation. "They are =
there=20
      only to preach the Buddhist way of live," he would say.</P>
      <P>In lecture after lecture, TV programme after TV programme, Soma =
Thera=20
      spoke about the relevance of Buddhism and Buddhist principles for =
the=20
      present day world. He took up day to day problems and pointed out =
how=20
      these could be solved by following the pristine Buddhist precepts. =
"He=20
      used to appear in a TV series with a well known psychologist and =
showed us=20
      how Buddhism could help us solve our psychological problems," said =
Kantha,=20
      a company driver.</P>
      <P><STRONG>Saving Sinhalese from extinction</STRONG></P>
      <P>Soma Thera fought relentlessly for the survival of the Sinhala =
people=20
      and their culture, which were being threatened by Westernisation =
and a=20
      striking lack of nationalism. "The Sinhalese absorb other cultures =
like a=20
      blotting paper," observed Wanigasundara. No wonder then, Sri =
Lankans are=20
      the most westernised of the South Asian peoples, which is =
reflected in=20
      their dress and names.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera would warn that the Sinhalese might one day be =
outnumbered=20
      by the Muslims who, he believed, did not adopt birth control and =
family=20
      planning unlike them. He exhorted the Sinhalese to have more =
children to=20
      keep Sri Lanka, Sinhala-Buddhist.</P>
      <P><STRONG>Populism</STRONG></P>
      <P>One reason for Soma Thera's immense popularity was that in his =
bana=20
      (sermon) he spoke on contemporary secular, social, economic and =
political=20
      problems. He did not hesitate to express, in the strongest terms, =
the=20
      frustrations of the common man vis-=E0-vis the governments of the =
day. "And=20
      his bana was always couched in simple Sinhala while most monks =
used=20
      highfalutin stuff interspersed with quotations in Pali. I found =
the latter=20
      very boring," said Shiromi.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera's was the second Sinhala-Buddhist revivalist =
movement in=20
      recent Sri Lankan history. The first was led by Anagarika =
Dharmapala in=20
      the early part of the 20th century.</P>
      <P>Both tackled the same problem, namely, Western/ Christian/ =
Hindu=20
      influences smothering a society lacking in a strong sense of =
nationalism=20
      and the will to face challenges. Both movements were =
inconclusive.</P>
      <P>Soma Thera's movement had barely taken off when death snatched =
him=20
      away. The people of Sri Lanka know that today there is no one to =
carry the=20
      torch which he lit and bore. That explains the widespread =
grieving.</P>
      <P>(<EM>PK Balachanddran is the Sri Lankan correspondent of =
Hindustan=20
      =
Times</EM>)</P></TD></TR></TBODY></FORM></TABLE></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTM=
L>

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------=_NextPart_000_0011_01C3C940.5906E5A0--

